Tag Archives: Paul Zorkine

Mit o radničkim savetima kod Tita

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Paul Zorkine (1959)

Uvod

Mađarska revolucija 1956, Berlinski ustanak, dešavanja u Poljskoj i generalno govoreći, pat pozicija staljinizma kako u Zapadnoj tako i Istočnoj Evropi, postavili su problem radničkih saveta u prvi plan revolucionarnih zbivanja.

Nije nam namera da pratimo istoriju radničkih saveta, koje je već moguće naći u Francuskoj revoluciji pri komunalnim savetima, u raznim revolucionarnim pokretima tokom 1848, zatim u Komuni sve do prvih sovjeta u fabrikama Poutilov u Petrogradu 1905, na prvom zasedanju sovjeta juna 1917, u Kronštatskim sovjetima suprotstavljenim boljševičkoj diktaturi 1921, “Republikama saveta” krajem Prvog svetskog rata u Mađarskoj, Nemačkoj, Austriji, kao i na dva kraja Jadrana: u Puli i Kotoru, u Španiji kao i Kini, koji su kumovali poslednjem pokušaju 1956. godine u Budimpešti.

Vredi primetiti kako smo u ovom popisu preskočili jugoslovenske radničke savete.

Nije u pitanju to da smo ih potpuno zaboravili: za nas, stvaranje radničkih saveta od strane jugoslovenske vlade predstavlja jednu novu mistifikaciju radničke klase od strane buržoazije.

To je opasno:

 – Za jugoslovenske radnike kojima se kompromituje revolucionarna institucija, jedina – bar do sada – “ispravna” (ideju radničkih saveta je moguće suprostaviti Partiji)

– Za neke evropske levičare koji se povode za jugoslovenskim primerom i slogane Titove vladavine: „Sve fabrike radnicima!“ kao još jedininim preostalim rešenjem između kapitalizma i staljinizma

Iz ovih razloga je važno ispitati stvarni sadržaj jugoslovenskog iskustva i njegovih posledica.

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The myth of workers councils under Tito

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Paul Zorkine (1959)

Introduction

The Hungarian revolution of 1956, the Berlin uprising, the Polish events and, in general, the failures of stalinism in Eastern as well as in Western Europe, have brought back the question of workers councils back to the forefront of revolutionary activity.

It is not our intention to relate the history of workers councils, which already exist during the French revolution as “Conseils des communes”, during various revolutionary movements in 1848, then, during the Commune, up until the first soviet of the Putilov factory in St Petersburg in 1905, the first soviet congress in June 1917, the Kronstadt soviet against the bolshevik dictature in 1921, the “Republic of Councils” at the end of WW1 in Hungary, in Germany, in Austria, at both ends of the Adriatic: in Pola and in Cattaro, in Spain and in China, to witness a last fit, in 1956, in Budapest.

One will point out that we forget in that list the Yugoslavian workers councils.

It is not, let’s confess it right away, an oversight: for us, the creation of “workers councils” by the Yugoslavian government only represent a new mystification of the working class by the bureaucracy. Dangerous:

– for the Yugoslavian workers, for whom it compromises a revolutionary institution which had remained – until then – “clean” (one could oppose to the Party the idea of workers councils)

– for “a certain European left” that clings to the “Yugoslavian example” and the slogan of Tito’s government: “Transfer of the factories to the workers!” as the only solution still possible between capitalism and stalinism.

Which is why it is important to scrutinise the real content of the “Yugoslavian experience” and its consequences.

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Paul Zorkine (Pavle Vrbica, 1921-1962)

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Guillaume Lenormant

Rođen 8. aprila 1921. na Cetinju (Crna Gora), umro 22. jula 1962. u Buraženefu (Bourganeuf); pravnik; anarhistički komunista.

Sin Pera Vrbice, direktora banke i Zorke Petrović, Pavle Vrbica potiče iz politički svesne porodice – njegov deda je prevodio Marksa na srpskohrvatski jezik.

Započeo je svoje političke aktivnosti još kao student prava na zagrebačkom univerzitetu. Kao militant Komunističke omladine, borio se protiv staljinističkog kursa i bio isključen na zahtev čoveka koji će, mnogo kasnije, postati jedan od nosioca titoističkog režima, teoretičar samoupravljanja i konačno disident istog tog režima: Milovana Đilasa.

Pavle Vrbica se zatim posvetio antifašističkoj borbi. Dobrovoljno se uključio u odbranu Čehoslovačke 1939. protiv hitlerovske invazije. Po povratku na zagrebački univerzitet, učestvovao je u antifašističkoj studentskoj mreži. Godine 1942., intezivno sarađuje u časopisu Dinamit, objavljivanom u Crnoj Gori, bez puno uspeha, usled munjevitog hapšenja glavnog urednika.

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Paul Zorkine (Pavle Vrbica, 1921-1962)

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Guillaume Lenormant

Born on 8 April 1921 in Cetinje (Montenegro), died 22 July 1962 in Bourganeuf (Creuse), lawyer, libertarian communist.

Son of Pero Vrbica, bank director and of Zorka Petrovitch, Pavle Vrbica was from a quite politicized family (his grandfather had translated Marx into Serbo-Croat),
He became politically active when he was studying law at Zagreb university. Militant with the Communist Youth, he fought against its Stalinist trend and was excluded from the organization by request of a man who would, many years later, become one of the leaders of the Tito regime, theoretician of self-management, then dissident from that same regime: Milovan Djilas.

Pavle Vrbica then dedicated himself to the antifascist struggle. In 1939, he volunteered to defend Czechoslovakia against the Hitlerian invasion. Back at the university of Zagreb, he joined a student antifascist resistance network. In 1942, contributed, among other activities, to Dynamit, a periodical published in Montenegro and scarcely distributed, its main editor having been arrested early.

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