Tag Archives: Lila

Radničko samoupravljanje u Jugoslaviji: emancipacija radništva ili kapitalistička podela rada?

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Lila

Verovatno sam se za Jugoslaviju i njene države-naslednice posebno zainteresovala zbog sistema samoupravljanja. Budući da dolazim iz zapadne zemlje, radničko samoupravljanje koje je karakterisalo jugoslovensku ekonomsku reprodukciju mi je delovalo zapanjujuće. Trebalo je da radnici budu ti koji imaju najviše moći u fabrikama, i čitava ekonomija, kao i lokalna uprava, bile su tako organizovane. Direktna demokratija u praksi, radnici koji odlučuju o svojoj sudbini – impresivno. Nekoliko godina života u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, bolje upoznavanje sa literaturom o samoupravljanju i razgovori sa (bivšim) radnicima o njihovim iskustvima svakako su promenili sliku koju sam imala. Bez sumnje, samoupravljanje nije ispunilo očekivanja.

U tekstu koji sledi, želim da prikažem ideju i razvoj jugoslovenskog samoupravljanja tokom perioda „realnog socijalizma“ i da tome pridodam perspektivu radnika, do koje sam došla razgovarajući sa njima na ovu temu. Verujem da su radnici u Jugoslaviji imali bolje radne uslove i, barem zvanično, veći uticaj na donošenje odluka u fabrici u odnosu na radnike u zapadnim kapitalističkim i istočnim „komunističkim“ zemljama tog perioda; i da su, u poređenju sa današnjim stanjem u bivšim jugoslovenskim republikama, svakako bili u mnogo boljoj situaciji. Ipak, sistem radničkog samoupravljanja je i dalje bio sistem koji je reprodukovao hijerarhijske i klasne odnose, slično onima u kapitalističkim državama ili u socijalizmu. Kada govorimo o jugoslovenskom sistemu samoupravljanja, mora se naglasiti da se on nalazio u stanju neprestane promene i razvoja tokom četiri decenije svog postojanja. Njegova arhitektura unutar fabrika i njegova ugrađenost u ekonomski sistem prolazile su kroz neprestane transformacije. Pored toga, ideološka osnova Jugoslavije, uticaj Države – u fabrikama i izvan njih – kao i uticaj postepenog liberalizovanja ekonomije, od suštinskog su značaja za razumevanje radničkog samoupravljanja.

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Yugoslav workers’ self-management: emancipation of workers or capitalist division of labor?

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Lila

It was probably because of the system of self-management why I became particularly interested in Yugoslavia and its successor states. Coming from a western country, workers self-management which characterized the Yugoslav economic reproduction seemed amazing to me. Workers should have had most of the power in every factory and the whole economy, as well as the local administration, was organized like this. Direct democracy in practice, workers decide about their fate – impressive. Living for several years in Ex-Yugoslavia, reading more about self-management and talking with (former) workers about their experience certainly changed my picture. Without a doubt, self-management did not live up to its expectations.

In the following text, I want to trace the idea and the development of Yugoslav self-management during the time of the “real existing socialism” and add a perspective of workers, which I got through discussing the topic with them. I believe that workers had better working conditions and officially more rights to influence the decision making in the factory in comparison to the situation of workers in western capitalist and eastern “communist” countries during that time; or, if we compare, it was certainly much better than their situation today in the Ex-Yugoslavian countries. Nevertheless, the system of workers’ self-management was still a system that reproduced hierarchical and class-relations, similar to the ones in capitalist states or in socialism. When we talk about the Yugoslav system of workers’ self-management, it has to be remarked that it was in constant change and development during its four decades of existence. Its’ architecture inside factories and its embedment into the economic system underwent perpetual transformations. Beyond that, the ideological foundation of Yugoslavia, the influence of the State, in and outside of the factories, as well as the impact of a gradual liberalizing economy, are essential to understanding workers self-management.

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