„Nisu to bajke, nego istina“: kritički pregled romske politike u ’zlatno doba’ SFRJ

Učesnici prvog Svetskog romskog kongresa, koji je održan u Londonu 1971. godine, pevaju himnu “Đelem,đelem” (autor Žarko Jovanović, u belom kaputu).
Žarko Jovanović (1925-1985)– tokom Drugog svetskog rata zatvaran u tri logora. Posle toga se priključio jugoslovenskim partizanima. Tokom rata je izgubio veći deo porodice. Preselio se u Pariz 1964. godine.

Nisu to bajke, nego istina“1: kritički pregled romske politike u ’zlatno doba’ SFRJ

Ferdi

Da li je ’zlatno doba’ jugoslovenskog socijalizma takođe bilo i zlatno doba romskog političkog života? Na neki način verovatno jeste, ali uz znatne ograde. Istina je da je došlo do određenih pomaka, koliko god problematičnih, u domenu romskog nacionalizma, etničkih prava i pravne zaštite, koji su bili podsticani pod režimom Komunističke partije. No, ipak ne možemo sebi dozvoliti da budemo saučesnici u nečemu što je u suštini liberalno shvatanje istorije.. Pre svega treba shvatiti da su se ljudi unutar pokreta za prava Roma, svojim političkim radom izborili za ova dostignuća i da ona nisu bila posledica darežljivosti države. Druga stvar, položaj Roma u Jugoslaviji je bio zaista zastrašujući bez obzira na njegov relativno bolji položaj u odnosu na apsolutnu deprivaciju i masovno nasilje nad Romima u susednim državama. Naposletku, moguće je ući u trag mnogim nevoljama koje trenutno trpe Romi nekadašnje Jugoslavije usled pogrešno usmeravanih napora iz ’socijalističkog’ perioda. Da pojasnim, moja namera nije demonizacija SFRJ u kojoj su mnogi ljudi živeli znatno bolje nego što žive u trenutnim post-socijalističkim režimima, već da potvrdim da Država, socijalistička ili ma koja druga, ne može da ne reprodukuje hijerarhijske odnose eksploatacije spram svoje populacije. U slučaju jugoslovenskih Roma, ovo je bio rasistički odnos, kakav je i ostao do današnjeg dana.

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“Nisu to bajke, nego istina”: a critical appraisal of Roma politics in SFRY’s ‘golden era’

Participants at the first World Romani Congress, held in London 1971, singing the anthem “Gelem, gelem” (authored by Žarko Jovanović, white coat)
Žarko Jovanović (1925-1985). During World War II he was imprisoned in three camps. After that he joined the Yugoslav Partisans. Jovanović lost most of his family during the war. He moved to Paris in 1964.

“Nisu to bajke, nego istina”[1]: a critical appraisal of Roma politics in SFRY’s ‘golden era’

Ferdi

Was the ‘golden era’ of Yugoslav socialism also the golden era of Roma political life? In some ways, perhaps, though with some very substantial caveats. It is true enough that that certain achievements, however problematic, in the fields of Roma nationalism, ethnic rights, and legal protections were all fostered under the Communist Party’s regime, we cannot allow ourselves to be complacent with what is essentially a liberal appraisal of history. Firstly, we should recognize that these gains were fought for and won due to the political labor of people in the Roma rights movement, not gifts from the State, and secondly, the condition of the Roma in Yugoslavia was truly abysmal regardless of its relative superiority to the absolute deprivation and mass violence suffered by the Roma in neighboring countries. Finally, it is possible to trace many of the troubles currently endured by the Roma of the former Yugoslavia to the misguided efforts of the ‘socialist’ period. To be clear, it is not my intention to demonize the SFRY under which many people lived markedly better lives than they would have under the current post-socialist regimes, but to establish that the State, socialist or otherwise, cannot but reproduce exploitative hierarchical relations with its subject populations; in the case of the Yugoslav Roma, this relation was one of racism just as it remains today.

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